Organization of American States
Specific Instruments
  General Instruments
  Articles
  Websites
  Selected Case Law
  Case Law Websites
  Reports
  Books
  Periodicals
  Human Rigths Actors
The "Inter-American system," or the regional system of human rights protection of the Organisation of the American States, rests primarily on the 1948 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and on the 1969 Inter-American Convention on Human Rights. The Inter-American Commission of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights are charged with holding OAS Member States to their human rights obligations. The Inter-American system differs in several respects from the other regional systems, most particularly in that is a rather complex dual system. The Commission has competence over all the OAS Member States and may sanction breaches of their obligations rising from the American Declaration. The Court has jurisdiction only over States Parties to the Convention.
     
Specific Instruments
Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons
Date of adoption: 9/6/1994 Entry into force: 28/3/1996
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-american Convention on International Traffic in Minors
Date of adoption: 18/3/1994 Entry into force: 15/8/1997
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-american Convention on the Nationality of Women
Date of adoption: 26/12/1933 Entry into force: 29/8/1934
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Civil Rights to Women
Date of adoption: 2/5/1948 Entry into force: 17/3/1949
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Political Rights to Women
Date of adoption: 2/5/1948 Entry into force: 29/12/1954
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-american Convention on Support Obligations
Date of adoption: 15/7/1989 Entry into force: 6/3/1996
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-american Convention on Conflict of Laws Concerning the Adoption of Minors
Date of adoption: 24/5/1984 Entry into force: 26/5/1988
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-American Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression
Date of adoption: 10/2000 Entry into force: -
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-american Convention on the International Return of Children
Date of adoption: 15/7/1989 Entry into force: 4/11/1994
System of protection: Organization of American States
Proposed American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Date of adoption: 26/2/1997 Entry into force: -
System of protection: Organization of American States
Interamerican Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (Draft)
Date of adoption: 18/9/1995 Entry into force: 2000
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
Date of adoption: 7/6/1999 Entry into force: 14/9/2001
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture
Date of adoption: 9/12/1985 Entry into force: 28/2/1987
System of protection: Organization of American States
Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights to Abolish the Death Penalty
Date of adoption: 8/6/1990 Entry into force: 28/8/1991
System of protection: Organization of American States
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: "Protocol of San Salvador"
Date of adoption: 17/11/1988 Entry into force: 16/11/1999
System of protection: Organization of American States
Inter-american Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belem do Para)
Date of adoption: 9/6/1994 Entry into force: 5/3/1995
System of protection: Organization of American States
     
General Instruments
Statute of the Inter-american Commission on Human Rights
Date of adoption: 10/1979 Entry into force: 11/1979
System of protection: Organization of American States
Statute of the Inter-American Court on Human Rights
Date of adoption: 10/1979 Entry into force: 1/1/1980
System of protection: Organization of American States
American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica)
Date of adoption: 22/11/1969 Entry into force: 18/7/1978
System of protection: Organization of American States
Charter of the Organization of American States
Date of adoption: 30/4/1948 Entry into force: 13/12/1951
System of protection: Organization of American States
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
Date of adoption: 2/5/1948 Entry into force: -
System of protection: Organization of American States
     
Articles
L'intégration des Amériques avant 1948: une voie tortueuse
Claude MORIN
Latest update: 16/07/2003 First published: 6/6/2000
Reference: Communication au Colloque "Le Canada dans la continentalisation des Amériques: bilan et perspectives", Chaire Téléglobe Raoul-Dandurand, UQAM, 16-17 octobre 1997
The integration of the Americas before 1948.
The Inter-American System for the Protection of Human Rights
Veronica GOMEZ
Latest update: 29/01/2003 First published: 1997
Reference: Human Rights Law Centre Journal, Nottingham University
This manuscript is an attempt to comment briefly on the evolution of the Inter-American System and its present functioning.
Le système interaméricain de protection des droits de l'homme
Alain-Robert NADEAU
Latest update: 28/01/2003 First published: 1/11/2001
Reference: Le Journal du Barreau, Vol. 33, N°18, 1er nov. 2001
Short introduction to the Inter-American System of Human Rights
La pertinence du système interaméricain de protection des droits de la personne
Carol HILLING
Latest update: 28/01/2003 First published: 1/12/2001
Reference: Le Journal du Barreau, Volume 33 - numéro 20 - 1er décembre 2001
Pertinence of the Inter-American System of Human Rights - Canada
The Future of the Inter-American Human Rights System
David PADILLA
Latest update: 28/10/2002 First published: 1995
Reference: Human Rights Brief, Washington College of Law, American University, Volume 3, Number 1, Fall 1995
"The principal problem facing the Inter-American Human Rights System is that we have been too successful. Since 1990, the Commission's published product has increased five-fold".
     
Languages: English Spanish
Official Website of the Court -Information - Jurisprudence - Press releases - Publications - Human Rights Library - Digital library - Links to other international courts, etc. - News. The Spanish version is more complete than the English.
Languages: English French Portuguese Spanish
Official website of the Commission - Reports - Case-Law - Documents - etc.
     
Selected Case Law
OC18/03 Legal status and rights of the illegal migrant workers
Date: 17/9/2003
Decision-making body: Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Legal reference: OC18/03
Migrant workers - Jus cogens and human rights - Obligations Erga Omnes.
     
Case Law Websites
Inter-american Commission of Human Rights
Languages: English French Portuguese Spanish
Official website of the Commission - Reports - Case-Law
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Languages: English Spanish
Search the case law of the Inter-American Court.
Repertorio de Jurisprudencia del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos
Languages: Spanish
Directory of the case law of the Inter-American Court 1980 - 1997.
Washington College of Law - Inter-American Human Rights Database
Languages: English Spanish
Annual reports, reports on sessions and special reports of the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights.
     
Reports
Enhancing Canada's Role in the OAS: Canadian Adherence to the American Convention on Human Rights
Standing Senate Committee on Human Rights / Comité sénatorial permanent des droits de la personne Date: 5/2003
Reference: -
Source: Standing Senate Committee on Human Rights
In November 2002, the Senate Standing Committee on Human Rights received a second mandate to study and report on Canada's possible adherence to the American Convention on Human Rights. The role of the Committee was to review Canadian participation in the Inter-American system for the protection of human rights and make recommendations on whether or not Canada should ratify the American Convention on Human Rights.
Report on Terrorism and Human Rights
OAS Date: 22/10/2002
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.116, Doc. 5 rev. 1 corr., 22 October 2002
Source: OAS
The Commission’s report concludes with a series of specific recommendations that are intended to guide member states in implementing the rules and principles articulated in the Commission’s analysis.
Annual Report 2001
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights / Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 16/4/2001
Reference: OEA/Ser./L/V/II.114 doc. 5 rev. 16 avril 2001
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 2000
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 16/4/2001
Reference: OEA/Ser./L/V/II.111 doc. 20 rev. 16 April 2001
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1998
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 16/4/1999
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.102 doc. 6 rev. 16 April 1999
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1999
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 13/4/1999
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.106 doc. 6 rev. 13 April 1999
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1997
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 13/4/1998
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.98 doc. 6 rev. 13 April 1998
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1996
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 14/3/1997
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.95 doc. 7 rev. 14 March 1997
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Prisons in Latin America and the Caribbean
Human Rights Watch Date: 1997
Reference: Human Rights Watch Prison Project
Source: Human Rights Watch
"The past few years have been dramatic ones in Latin American and Caribbean prisons, which hold a total of over half a million inmates. Conditions continue to stagnate -- and even to worsen in some countries -- inspiring dramatic and violent forms of prisoner protest. Massacres, riots, and other violent incidents have been occurring in prisons across the region, providing further evidence of the widespread failure of Latin America's penal systems".
Annual report 1995
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 28/2/1996
Reference: OEA/Ser.L./V/II.91 doc. 7 rev. 28 February 1996
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1994
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 17/2/1995
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.88 doc. 9 rev. 17 February 1995
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1993
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 11/2/1994
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.85 doc. 8 rev. 11 February 1994
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1992-1993
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 12/3/1993
Reference: OEA/Ser./L/V/II.83 doc. 14 corr. 1 12 March 1993
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1991
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 14/2/1992
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.81 doc. 6 rev. 1 14 February 1992
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1990-1991
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 22/2/1991
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.79.rev.1 doc. 12 22 February 1991
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1989-1990
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 17/5/1990
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.77 rev.1 doc. 7 17 May 1990
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1988-1989
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 18/9/1989
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.76 doc. 10 18 September 1989
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1987-1988
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 16/9/1988
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.74 doc. 10 rev. 1 16 September 1988
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1986-1987
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 22/9/1987
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.71 doc. 9 rev. 1 22 September 1987
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1985-1986
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 26/9/1986
Reference: OEA/Ser.L doc. 8 rev. 1 26 September 1986
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1984-1985
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 1/10/1985
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.66 doc. 10 rev. 1 1 October 1985
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1983-1984
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 28/9/1984
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.63 doc. 10 28 September 1984
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1981-1982
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 20/9/1982
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.57 doc. 6 rev. 1 20 September 1982
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1980-1981
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 16/10/1981
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.54 doc. 9 rev. 1 16 October 1981
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1979-1980
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 2/10/1980
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.50 doc. 13 rev. 1 2 October 1980
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1978
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 29/6/1979
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.47 doc. 13 rev. 1 29 June 1979
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1977
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 20/4/1978
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.43 doc. 21 corr. 1 20 April 1978
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1976
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 10/3/1977
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/VII.40 doc. 5 corr.1 10 March 1977
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1975
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 28/6/1976
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.37 doc. 20 corr. 1 28 June 1976
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1974
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 30/12/1974
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.34 doc. 31 rev. 1 31 December 1974
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1973
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 14/2/1974
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.32 doc. 3 rev. 2 14 Februari 1974
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1972
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 6/3/1972
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II/.27 doc. 11 rev. 6 March 1972
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1970
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 12/3/1971
Reference: OEA/Ser.L/V/II.25 doc.9 (espanol) rev. 12 March 1971
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Annual report 1971
Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme Date: 3/2/1971
Reference: OAS/Ser.L/V/II/.27 doc. 11 rev. 6 March 1972
Source: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
     
Books
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Scott DAVIDSON
Reference: Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1992
Languages: English
The IACHR in context - Structure and Procedure - Contentious Jurisdiction - Advisory Jurisdiction - Developing jurisprudence - Evolving concepts, current problems and future prospects.
The Inter-American Human Rights System
Scott DAVIDSON
Reference: Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1997
Languages: English
The Inter-American System - The Commission - The Court - Individual Applications before the Commission and before the Court - Advisory Jurisdiction of the Court - Rights protected.
El futuro de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Antônio Augusto CANçADO TRINDADE - Manuel VENTURA ROBLES
Reference: San José, Costa Rica, Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, 2003
Languages: Spanish
The future of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
La nueva dimensión de las necesidades de protección del ser humano en el inicio del siglo XXI
Antônio Augusto CANçADO TRINDADE - Jaime RUIZ DE SANTIAGO
Reference: San José, Costa Rica, Corte Interamerican de Derechos Humanos, 2003
Languages: Spanish
The new dimension of the need of protection of the human being at the dawn of the 21st Century
Regional Human Rights
Alfred GLENN MOWER
Reference: New York - Westport, Connecticut - London, Studies in Human Rights, Number 12, Greenwood Press, 1991
Languages: English
A comparative study of the West European and Inter-American Systems
Code de droit international des droits de l'homme
Olivier DE SCHUTTER - Françoise TULKENS - Sébastien VAN DROOGHENBROECK
Reference: Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2003
Languages: French
2nd edition (updated to May 1st, 2003) of this collection of the main international instruments (as well universal as regional) regarding the protection of fundamental human rights.
El Sistema Interamericano de Proteccion de los Derechos Humanos en el Umbral del Siglo XXI
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos Ed.
Reference: San José, Costa Rica, ISBN 9977-36-092-8, Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, 2001
Languages: Spanish
The inter-American system of human rights at the dawn of the XXI Century.
La jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Sergio Garcia Ramirez Ed.
Reference: Mexico, ISBN 968-36-9758-5, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2001
Languages: Spanish
Case Law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights up to November 2001
Protecting Human Rights in the Americas: Cases and Materials
Thomas Buergenthal & Dinah Shelton Ed.
Reference: Strasbourg, ISBN 3-88357-122-9, N.P. Engel Publisher, 1995
Languages: English
This book focuses on the inter-American legal norms, institutions and procedures concerned with human rights. The developing jurisprudence of the inter-American Court is emphasized.
     
Periodicals
Actualité et Droit International
Reference:
Contact: despretz@ridi.org http://www.ridi.org/adi/
Languages: French
E-journal of international news legal analysis. Articles (archive from 1998, quick search), chronicles and cases, discussions, international news, announcements. Useful links.
Droits Fondamentaux
Reference: Paris,
Contact: despretz@toile.org http://www.droits-fondamentaux.org/
Languages: French
First electronic journal in French on Fundamental Rights.
Human Rights Brief - Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
Reference: Washington, Washington College of Law
Contact: hrbrief@wcl.american.edu http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/
Languages: English
The Human Rights Brief reports about developments in international human rights and humanitarian law, as well as provides concise legal analysis of current human rights issues. Search by Volume / Issue / Title / Author. Archive since Spring 1994.
     
Human Rights Actors
Academia Mexicana de Derechos Humanos (AMDH)
http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/news/arc/amdh/ Type:Research / Education
Founded in 1984 by a multi-disciplinary group, AMDH is active in the fields of research, teaching and human rights promotion in Mexico. Its main programs concern: Education, Human Rights, Media, Documentation and Communication.
Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law (WCL)
http://www.wcl.american.edu/pub/humright/ Type:Research / Education
Research center of the American University Washington College of Law. Publishes "the Human Rights Brief".
Inter-American Children's Institute (IIN)
http://www.iin.org.uy Type:International or Regional Organization
A specialized organization of the OAS in children issues, aims to protect the welfare of the region's children, having as a conceptual reference the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Juridical, social, health and education concerns.
Inter-American Commission of Women (CIM)
http://www.oas.org/CIM/
A Specialized Organization of the OAS. The first official intergovernmental agency in the world created expressly to ensure recognition of the civil and political rights of women. Provides support and recognition to national women's movements.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR)
http://www.cidh.oas.org/ Type:International or Regional Organization
The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) is one of two bodies in the inter-American system for the promotion and protection of human rights.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR)
http://www.corteidh.or.cr/ Type:International or Regional Organization
Autonomous judicial institution of the Inter-American system of human rights. Its objective is to apply and interpret the American Convention on Human Rights. It was established with the intention of resolving cases of alleged violations.
Organization of American States (OAS)
http://www.oas.org Type:International or Regional Organization
Priorities: Strengthening freedom of speech and thought as a basic human right; Promoting greater participation by civil society in decision-making; Addressing the problem of illegal drugs; and Supporting a Free Trade Area of the Americas.