| |
|
|
| Specific
Instruments |
|
Presidency Conclusions of the Tampere European Council |
 |
| Date of adoption:
16/10/1999 |
Entry into
force:
- |
| System of protection:
European Union |
|
Council Framework decision of 13 June 2002 on combating terrorism |
|
| Date of adoption:
13/6/2002 |
Entry into
force:
22/6/2002 |
| System of protection:
European Union |
| |
|
|
| General
Instruments |
 |
|
Single European Act |
|
| Date of adoption:
28/2/1986 |
Entry into
force:
1/7/1987 |
| System of protection:
European Union |
|
Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty, amended by the Treaty of Amsterdam)
(Consolidated Version) |
|
| Date of adoption:
7/2/1992 |
Entry into
force:
1/11/1993 |
| System of protection:
European Union |
|
Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) |
|
| Date of adoption:
18/4/1951 |
Entry into
force:
23/7/1952 |
| System of protection:
European Union |
|
Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC)(Treaty of Rome) |
|
| Date of adoption:
25/3/1957 |
Entry into
force:
1/1/1958 |
| System of protection:
European Union |
|
Cologne European Council Decision on the Drawing Up of a
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union |
|
| Date of adoption:
4/6/1999 |
Entry into
force:
- |
| System of protection:
European Union |
|
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union |
|
| Date of adoption:
7/12/2000 |
Entry into
force:
- |
| System of protection:
European Union |
|
Declaration of the European Union on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights |
|
| Date of adoption:
10/12/1998 |
Entry into
force:
- |
| System of protection:
European Union |
|
Joint Declaration by the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission
Concerning the Protection of Fundamental Rights and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms |
|
| Date of adoption:
5/4/1977 |
Entry into
force:
- |
| System of protection:
European Union |
| |
|
|
| Articles |
|
|
The Boundaries of Human Rights Jurisdiction in Europe |
|
|
Dinah SHELTON |
| Latest update:
26/04/2004 |
First published:
1995 |
| Reference:
13 Duke J. of Comp. & Int'l L. 95 |
|
The strengthening and proliferation of European regional bodies monitoring the human rights performance of their Member States raise fundamental issues of governance. |
|
A Lost Opportunity? A Critique of the EU?s Human Rights Policy Towards Turkey |
|
|
Harun ARIKAN |
| Latest update:
17/09/2003 |
First published:
- |
| Reference:
Mediterranean Politics Issue 7.1 |
|
The article examines the accession process of Turkey and its relation to the human rights policy of the EU. |
|
The General Provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union |
|
|
Ricardo GARCIA |
| Latest update:
23/06/2003 |
First published:
- |
| Reference:
Jean Monnet Working Paper 4/02 |
|
The article seeks to find, by way of studying the general provisions, what the place for the Charter is in regard to the protection afforded by national Constitutions and international agreements, particularly the European Convention on Human Rights |
|
Does the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Threaten the Supremacy of Community Law? |
|
|
Jonas BERING LIISBERG |
| Latest update:
23/06/2003 |
First published:
- |
| Reference:
Jean Monnet Working Paper 4/01 |
|
The paper examines Article 53 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. It addresses the fear that if the Charter is incorporated into EU law, Article 53 could threaten the supremacy of Community law over national constitutions. |
|
Harmonisation of asylum law and policy within the European Union: a human rights perspective |
|
|
Hannah GARRY |
| Latest update:
23/06/2003 |
First published:
2002 |
| Reference:
Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, vol. 20 (2002) no. 2 (p. 163 - 184) |
|
The article deals with the harmonisation of European asylum policy which lies within the goal of greater economic and political intergration. Focus is placed on the human rights problems the harmonisation may bring. |
|
Droit communautaire des droits fondamentaux |
|
|
Frédéric SUDRE |
| Latest update:
23/06/2003 |
First published:
2002 |
| Reference:
Rev. trim. dr. h. 2002; p. 659-683. |
|
Chronicle of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice in the field of Human Rights - 2001. |
|
El principio de igualdad de trato y la prohibición de discriminación por razón de sexo a la luz de la jurisprudencia del T.J.C.E. |
|
|
Amaya UBEDA DE TORRES |
| Latest update:
08/07/2002 |
First published:
8/7/2002 |
| Reference:
HRNi |
|
The Principle of Discrimination in the Case Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union |
|
The Jurisprudence of Human Rights in The European Union - Integration and Disintegration, Values and Processes |
|
|
J.H.H. WEILER |
| Latest update:
17/06/2002 |
First published:
1996 |
| Reference:
Harvard Law School - The Jean Monnet Chair |
|
I Introduction
II. Human Rights in the Union Legal Order
III. Multicultural Polity and the Multiple Identity Individual
IV. Protection of Fundamental Human Rights: Review of Member State Measures
|
|
The European Court of Justice and the Protection of Fundamental Rights in the European Community: New Developments and Future Possibilities in Expanding Fundamental Rights Review to Member State Action |
|
|
Darcy BINDER |
| Latest update:
11/06/2002 |
First published:
1995 |
| Reference:
Harvard Law School - The Jean Monnet Chair |
|
This paper examines how the Court has begun to assert a greater role for itself by expanding the applicability of Community fundamental rights standards to certain types of action taken by the Member States. |
|
An 'Ever Closer Union' in Need of a Human Rights Policy: The European Union and Human Rights |
|
|
Philip ALSTON - J.H.H. WEILER |
| Latest update:
11/06/2002 |
First published:
1999 |
| Reference:
Harvard Law School - The Jean Monnet Chair |
|
That "article puts forward a wide range of measures that should be explored in relation to the role of the Council, Commission, Parliament and Court, as well as Member States" in relation with Human Rights Policy.
|
|
A Human Rights Policy for the European Community and Union: The Question of Competences |
|
|
Sybillia FRIES - J.H.H. WEILER |
| Latest update:
11/06/2002 |
First published:
1999 |
| Reference:
Harvard Law School - The Jean Monnet Chair |
|
The question of Community competences in the field of human rights. |
|
Droits de l'homme - La Charte des droits fondamentaux et au delà |
|
|
Jacqueline DUTHEIL DE LA ROCHèRE |
| Latest update:
11/06/2002 |
First published:
2001 |
| Reference:
Harvard Law School - The Jean Monnet Chair |
|
The Charter Today - What status for the Charter tomorrow? |
|
The Future of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights |
|
|
Christopher MCCRUDDEN |
| Latest update:
11/06/2002 |
First published:
2001 |
| Reference:
Harvard Law School - The Jean Monnet Chair |
|
I. How we got to here - II. What we have at the moment - III. Some options for the future - IV. Some deeper issues underlying debate about the future of the Charter - V. Conclusion |
|
Human Rights: The Charter and Beyond |
|
|
Gráinne DE BúRCA |
| Latest update:
11/06/2002 |
First published:
2001 |
| Reference:
Harvard Law School - The Jean Monnet Chair |
|
1. Options for the future legal status of the Charter.
2. The symbolic role of the Charter: a shift in the ethic of the EU? |
| |
|
|
| Websites |
|
|
EUMAP: Human Rights in Europe |
| Languages:
English |
 |
|
Online library resources - Links - Articles - Reports - All related to implementation of the "Copenhagen Political Criteria" in the EU accession countries. |
|
EUR-Lex - The portal to European Union law |
| Languages:
Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Greek Italian Portuguese Spanish Swedish |
|
|
Single entry point to the complete collections of EU legal texts: the Official Journal of the European Union, the Treaties, legislation, legislation in preparation, case-law, parliamentary questions and documents of public interest. |
|
Marangopoulos Foundation for Human Rights |
| Languages:
English Greek |
|
|
Research, study, defense, protection and promotion of the generally recognized fundamental human rights and freedoms - List of publications - Events - News on human rights - Reports -Jurisprudence - Legislation |
|
Statewatch |
| Languages:
English |
|
|
Monitors the state and civil liberties in the European Union - Database - Freedom of information in the EU - Encourages the publication of investigative journalism and critical research in the fields of the state, civil liberties and openness.
|
|
The council of the European Union-Fight against terrorism |
| Languages:
English |
|
|
Key documents - European Council Conclusions - EU Council Conclusions - Legal Texts - Other Documents - Links |
|
EU Human Rights Forum - Strengthening the Dialogue with Civil Society |
| Languages:
English |
|
|
The Forum is seen as an instrument to develop a dialogue between the EU institutions and NGOs active in the field of human rights as well as other actors involved (academics, international organisations). Reports in English and French of fora held. |
|
EUROPARL - The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union |
| Languages:
Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Greek Italian Portuguese Spanish Swedish |
|
|
Text of the Charter - Explanations by the drafting Convention - Archive materials: Reference texts, NGO Contributions and Links. |
|
European Commission - Fundamental rights |
| Languages:
Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Greek Italian Norwegian Portuguese Spanish Swedish |
|
|
Presents European and international texts and links concerning fundamental rights. |
|
Free Movement of People and Individual Rights |
| Languages:
English French German |
|
|
European Union context: High Level Panel - Frontier control - Qualifications - Right of Residence - Voting rights Infringements - EU Citizenship |
|
National Commission for Human rights (Greece) |
| Languages:
English Greek |
|
|
News and human rights reports (for example: muslim weddings by proxy in Greece) - Special focus on subjects such as terrorism - The state of the respect of human rights in Greece - Criminal law |
|
The Bulletin of the European Union |
| Languages:
Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Greek Italian Portuguese Spanish Swedish |
|
|
Provides a monthly insight into the activities of the European Commission and of the other Community institutions. Ten times a year in all the Community languages. Section on Human Rights with basic information on activities. |
|
Council of the European Union - Fundamental Rights |
| Languages:
Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Greek Italian Portuguese Spanish Swedish |
|
|
Charter of Fundamental Rights - General information - Public hearings - Database |
|
Dialogue with Citizens and Business |
| Languages:
Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Greek Italian Portuguese Spanish Swedish |
|
|
Weird, flashy site, but full of practical information about utilizing free movement of persons rights within the EU. An EC initiative that springs from the recommendations of the 1997 High-level panel report. Citizens' rights more than Human Rights. |
| |
|
|
| Selected
Case Law |
|
|
max.mobil Telekommunikation Service GmbH v Commission of the European Communities |
|
| Date:
30/1/2002 |
| Decision-making body:
Court of First Instance of the European Communities |
| Legal reference:
T 54/99 |
|
The Court invoked the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (art. 41) as "confirmation" of the constitutional
traditions common to the Member States. |
|
Friedrich Kremzow v Republik Österreich |
|
| Date:
29/5/1997 |
| Decision-making body:
Court of Justice of the European Communities |
| Legal reference:
C 299/95 |
|
Compatibility with the European Convention on Human Rights of national legislation not falling within the field of application of Community law - The Court has no such jurisdiction. |
|
The Society for the Protection of Unborn Children Ireland Ltd v Grogan and others |
|
| Date:
4/10/1991 |
| Decision-making body:
Court of Justice of the European Communities |
| Legal reference:
ECJ, C 159/90 |
|
The Court, when requested to give a preliminary ruling, must provide the national court with all the elements of interpretation which are necessary in order to enable it to assess the compatibility of legislation with the fundamental rights. |
|
Matthews v The United Kingdom |
|
| Date:
18/2/1999 |
| Decision-making body:
European Court of Human Rights |
| Legal reference:
ECHR 18 February 1999 Rec. 1999-I n° 24833/94 |
|
EC member states must provide that Convention rights continue to be secured after the transfer of competence to the EC - Responsibility cannot be placed on EC organs but on member states. Art 1 of the Convention and Art 3 of the Protocol No. 1. |
|
Wachauf v Bundesamt für Ernährung und Forstwirtschaft |
|
| Date:
13/7/1989 |
| Decision-making body:
European Court of Justice |
| Legal reference:
C 5/88 |
|
The protection of fundamental rights in the Community legal order is also binding on the Member States when they implement Community rules. Member States must, as far as possible, apply those rules in accordance with the fundamental rights. |
|
Schräder v. Hauptzollamt Gronau |
|
| Date:
11/7/1989 |
| Decision-making body:
European Court of Justice |
| Legal reference:
C 265/87 |
|
Fundamental rights are not absolute but must be viewed in the light of the social function of the activities they protect. However, restrictions must correspond to objectives of general interest and must not infringe upon the substance of the rights. |
|
Carpenter v United Kingdom |
|
| Date:
11/7/2002 |
| Decision-making body:
The European Court of Justice |
| Legal reference:
C 60/00 |
|
Right of residence in favour of spouse from 3rd country to national of a Member State established in that State and providing services to persons in other Member States. Art 49 EC read in the light of the fundamental right to respect for family life |
| |
|
|
| Case Law
Websites |
|
|
Court of Justice and Court of First Instance |
| Languages:
Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Greek Italian Portuguese Spanish Swedish |
|
|
Case law of the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance. |
| |
|
|
| Reports |
|
|
European Union Annual Report on Human Rights 2002 |
|
|
European Union / Union européenne |
Date:
21/10/2002 |
| Reference:
EU Reports |
| Source:
EUROPA - EuropeAid - European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights |
|
|
|
Human Rights Report 2002 |
|
|
European Union / Union européenne |
Date:
2002 |
| Reference:
- |
| Source:
European Union |
|
|
|
Human Rights Report 2001 |
|
|
European Union / Union européenne |
Date:
2001 |
| Reference:
- |
| Source:
European Union |
|
|
|
Human Rights Report 2000 |
|
|
European Union / Union européenne |
Date:
2000 |
| Reference:
- |
| Source:
European Union |
|
|
|
Human Rights Report 1999 |
|
|
European Union / Union européenne |
Date:
1/10/1999 |
| Reference:
PESC 311COHOM 9RELEX 30 |
| Source:
European Union |
|
That Report, the first of its kind, covering the period from 1 June 1998 to 30 June 1999, intends to explain how the Union's headway towards integration is paralleled in the field of human rights. |
| |
|
|
| Books |
|
|
Humanité et droit international : Mélanges René-Jean Dupuy |
|
|
|
| Reference:
Paris, Pedone, 1991 |
| Languages:
English French |
|
A collection of articles on different issues offered to René-Jean Dupuy. Most of the articles are written in French, a few in English. |
|
Nationality, Migration Rights and Citizenship of the Union |
|
|
Stephen HALL |
| Reference:
Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995 |
| Languages:
English |
|
Legal implications of establishing a European citizenship - Nationality and community law - Nationality and Union supervision - Citizenship migration rights, their direct effect, limitations and conditions - Analysis of case law. |
|
Introduction au droit public, t. II, Les droits et libertés |
|
|
Rusen ERGEC |
| Reference:
Diegem, Kluwer, 2003 |
| Languages:
French |
|
Professor Ergec's book on rights and freedoms was enlarged for this 2nd edition. The book covers fundamental rights and freedoms at Belgian, European and International levels. |
|
EU Law - Text, Cases and Materials |
|
|
Paul CRAIG - Gráinne DE BúRCA |
| Reference:
Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003 |
| Languages:
English |
|
The new edition of a popular book. It addresses all aspects of institutional and substantive law and the text is made up in one half by analysis and the other half by cases and materials. Chapter 8 - Fundamental rights. |
|
Human Rights in the Treaty Relations of the European Community - Real virtues or virtual reality? |
|
|
Mielle BULTERMAN |
| Reference:
Antwerpen, School of human rights research series, vol 7, Intersentia Hart, 2001 |
| Languages:
English |
|
Focusing on the legal aspects, this books studies the use of human rights clauses by the EU in trade and cooperation agreements with developing countries. It explores European Union law, public international law and international human rights law. |
|
L'adhésion des Communautés européennes à la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme |
|
|
Olivier DE SCHUTTER |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Courrier Hebdomadaire no. 1440, CRISP, 1994 |
| Languages:
French |
|
The protection of human rights within the legal order of the EC follows the jurisprudence of the European court of Human Rights. The author examines if the accession by the EC to the European Convention is purposeful and, above all, realistic. |
|
Code de droit international des droits de l'homme |
|
|
Olivier DE SCHUTTER - Françoise TULKENS - Sébastien VAN DROOGHENBROECK |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2003 |
| Languages:
French |
|
2nd edition (updated to May 1st, 2003) of this collection of the main international instruments (as well universal as regional) regarding the protection of fundamental human rights. |
|
Monitoring Human Rights in Europe. Comparing International Procedures and Mechanisms |
|
|
A. Bloed, L. Leicht, M. Nowak, A. Rosas Ed. |
| Reference:
Dordrecht/Boston/London, Martinus Nijhoff, 1993 |
| Languages:
English |
|
The studies focus on the effectiveness of the various mechanisms and frameworks, their differing legal and political characteristics and contexts, their interrelationship as well as their advantages and disadvantages. |
|
Monitoring Human Rights in Europe: Comparing International Procedures and Mechanisms |
|
|
Arie Bloed, Liselotte Leicht, M. Nowak, A. Rosas Ed. |
| Reference:
Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993 |
| Languages:
English |
|
Collection of articles on international mechanisms for the protection of human rights and the prevention of their abuses in Europe: Reporting procedures - Individual complaints - Contribution of NGOs - Torture - Minority rights - ICTY... |
|
L'émergence d'une politique européenne d'asile |
|
|
C. Dias Urbanos de Sousa, Ph. De Bruycker Ed. |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Faculté de droit de l'ULB, Bruylant, 2004 |
| Languages:
English French |
|
A collection of studies on the emergence of a European asylum policy, which results from the implementation of the Amsterdam Treaty. Completes the Odysseus network's first book on the emergence of a European policy migration (Bruylant, 2003). |
|
Human Rights and the European Community - A Critical Overview |
|
|
CASSESE A; CLAPHAM A; WEILER J Ed. |
| Reference:
Baden Baden, Europen Union - The Human Rights Challenge Vol I, Nomos, 1991 |
| Languages:
English French |
|
The opening volume of a three volume set of reports carried out by a team of experts on the order of the EC. In this part Andrew Chapham covers the evolvement of human rights in the EC and looks at the future problems and solutions. |
|
Human Rights and the European Community - The Substantive Law |
|
|
CASSESE A; CLAPHAM A; WEILER J Ed. |
| Reference:
Baden Baden, European Union -The Human Rights Challenge Vol III, Nomos, 1991 |
| Languages:
English French |
|
Part III of a reserch project undertaken by international scholars and commanded by the EC. This part contains reports on such issues as environmental rights, consumer rights, womens rights, freedom of information and educational and cultural rights. |
|
L'Union européenne et la gouvernance |
|
|
F. Snyder Ed. |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Travaux du CERIC, Bruylant, 2003 |
| Languages:
English French |
|
While focusing on governance in the EU integration process, the book studies a number of Human Rights-related issues, such as the regulation of the Internet, the common asylum policy and the positioning the EU HR system in its international context. |
|
Le droit au respect de la vie familiale au sens de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme |
|
|
F. Sudre Ed. - Frédéric SUDRE |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Droit & Justice, Bruylant, 2002 |
| Languages:
French |
|
Records of March 2002 colloquium constituting an impressive overall 3-chapter analysis of the construction by the european judge of the right to respect for private and family life (definition of private and family life, its exercice, and equality). |
|
Constitution européenne, démocratie et droits de l'homme |
|
|
G. Cohen-Jonathan, J. Dutheil de La Rochère Ed. |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Droit & Justice, Bruylant, 2003 |
| Languages:
French |
|
The Charter of Fundamental Rights should be incorporated into the European Constitution : how will this new system of protection link up with that of the ECHR ? (Colloquium of March 2003). |
|
Le ministère public et les exigences du procès équitable |
|
|
I. Pingel, J.-F. Flauss Ed. |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Droit & Justice, Bruylant, 2003 |
| Languages:
French |
|
Collected papers from a seminar confronting the ECHR's case law on the role of public attorneys or prosecutors (I. preparatory phase ; II. decision) with the practices of French High Courts and of the European Court of Justice. |
|
Droits sociaux et droit européen : bilan et prospective de la protection normative |
|
|
J.-F. Flauss Ed. - Jean-François FLAUSS |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Droit & Justice, Bruylant, 2002 |
| Languages:
French |
|
In the Council of Europe and in the European Union, social rights are the object of a growing protection, both in quality and quantity. Questions raised : problems of coexistence and reciprocal influences - unicity of the standards of protection |
|
L'union européenne et les droits fondamentaux |
|
|
LECLERC S; AKANDJI-KOMBE J-F; REDOR M-J Ed. |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Bruylant, 1999 |
| Languages:
French |
|
This book gathers together the contributions made by participants at the study day CEDECE organised by the Centre for studies on Fundamental Rights (CRDF) in Caen the 7th of May 1998. It comprises an array of different topics. |
|
Avancées et confins actuels des droits de l'homme aux niveaux international, européen et national |
|
|
Mélanges offerts à Silvio Marcus Helmons Ed. |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2003 |
| Languages:
French |
|
Impressive collection of articles in the field of international and european human rights, as a tribute to the founder of the Center for Human Rights of the faculty of law of the Université Catholique de Louvain. |
|
L'Union Européenne et les Droits de l'Homme |
|
|
Philip Alston Ed. |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2001 |
| Languages:
French |
|
In this volume the leading experts in the field, including individuals from every EU country, provide an insightful critique of current policies of the EU and detailed recommendations for the future. This book exists in both English and French. |
|
Droit communautaire des droits fondamentaux |
|
|
SUDRE Frédéric Ed. - Sabrina QUELLIEN - Nicolas RAMBION - Caroline SALVIEJO - Frédéric SUDRE |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Droit et justice no. 26, Bruylant, 1999 |
| Languages:
French |
|
A collection of case law of the European Court of Justice in the field of Human Rights from 1957-1999. |
|
Réalité et perspectives du droit communautaire des droits fondamentaux |
|
|
SUDRE Frédéric; LABAYLE Henri Ed. |
| Reference:
Bruxelles, Droit et justice no. 27, Bruylant, 2000 |
| Languages:
French |
|
A collection of articles given at the study days held the 4th and 5th of November 1999 and organised by CEDECE. It contains also an introduction by Frédéric Sudre and a summary of the debates. |
| |
|
|
| Periodicals |
|
|
Actualité et Droit International |
|
| Reference:
|
| Contact:
despretz@ridi.org |
http://www.ridi.org/adi/ |
| Languages:
French |
|
E-journal of international news legal analysis.
Articles (archive from 1998, quick search), chronicles and cases, discussions, international news, announcements. Useful links. |
|
Droits Fondamentaux |
|
| Reference:
Paris, |
| Contact:
despretz@toile.org |
http://www.droits-fondamentaux.org/ |
| Languages:
French |
|
First electronic journal in French on Fundamental Rights. |
| |
|
|
| Human Rights
Actors |
|
|
Council of the European Union () |
|
|
www.consilium.eu.int |
Type:International or Regional Organization |
|
The Council of the European Union |
|
Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN) |
|
|
http://www.euromedrights.net/ |
Type:Network |
|
A network of human rights organisations based in more than 20 countries from the Euro-Mediterranean region. Supports and publicises the universal principles of human rights as expressed in the Barcelona Declaration. |
|
European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) |
|
|
http://www.eumc.eu.int |
Type:International or Regional Organization |
|
Established by the European Union as an independent body to combat racism, xenophobia and anti-semitism throughout Europe. Tasked with reviewing the extent and development of racist phenomena in the EU and promoting best practice among Member States. |
|
European NGO Confederation for Relief and Development. (CONCORD) |
|
|
http://www.concordeurope.org |
Type:Network |
|
The main objective of the Confederation is to enhance the impact of European development NGOs vis-à-vis the European Institutions by combining expertise and representation. |
|
European Union (EU) |
|
|
http://europa.eu.int/ |
Type:International or Regional Organization |
|
A unique institutional system based on democracy and the rule of law, and made up of 15 sovereign states, the EU claims to be the world's largest funder of human rights projects. It promotes human rights through its political and economic agreements. |
|
Human Rights Centre, University of Potsdam (MRZ) |
|
|
http://www.uni-potsdam.de/u/mrz/index.htm |
Type:Research / Education |
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Activities: conduct and publication of research, library, documentation system, teaching. International obligations and Germany - Human rights clauses in EC foreign relations - The question of remedies for HR violations - Minority issues. |
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Institute des Hautes Etudes Européennes, Equipe de recherche Droit comparé des Droits de l'Homme (IHEE) |
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http://www-ihee.u-strasbg.fr/ |
Type:Research / Education |
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The research team on comparative human rights law is specialised in: the European Union and human rights; National minorities in Europe; Interactions between international human rights norms; The duties of man. |
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Maastricht Centre for Human Rights () |
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http://www.rechten.unimaas.nl/humanrights/Main.htm |
Type:Research / Education |
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Research activities: the role and significance of human rights in domestic and international legal orders - Particular research on the role of human rights in decision making and quasi-judicial organs at the regional (European) level. |
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Mediterranean Master's Degree in Human Rights and Democratisation () |
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http://home.um.edu.mt/laws/entrance/index.html |
Type:Research / Education |
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One year multi-disciplinary programme coordinated by the University of Malta on behalf of a partnership of Universities and Human Rights institutions from both sides of the Mediterranean. One of five regional Master's supported by the EC. |
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Statewatch () |
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http://www.statewatch.org/ |
Type:Network |
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Non-profit-making voluntary group founded in 1991. It is comprised of lawyers, academics, journalists, researchers and community activists. Statewatch encourages the publication of investigative journalism and critical research. |
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The Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ) |
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http://www.curia.eu.int |
Type:International or Regional Organization |
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The Court ensures that Community law is uniformly interpreted and effectively applied. It has jurisdiction in disputes involving Member States, EU institutions, businesses and individuals. A Court of First Instance has been attached to it since 1989. |
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The European Ombudsman () |
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http://www.euro-ombudsman.eu.int/home/en/default.h |
Type:International or Regional Organization |
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The European Ombudsman investigates and reports on maladministration in the institutions and bodies of the European Community. The Ombudsman usually conducts inquiries on the basis of complaints but can also launch inquiries on his own initiative. |
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