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Specific
Instruments |
Convention against Discrimination in Education |
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Date of adoption:
15/12/1960 |
Entry into
force:
22/5/1962 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Protocol Instituting a Conciliation and Good Offices Commission to be responsible for Seeking a Settlement of any Disputes which may arise between States Parties to the Convention against Discrimination in Education |
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Date of adoption:
18/12/1962 |
Entry into
force:
24/10/1968 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Recommendation Concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education Relating to Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms |
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Date of adoption:
19/11/1974 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child |
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Date of adoption:
11/7/1990 |
Entry into
force:
29/11/1999 |
System of protection:
Organization of African Unity |
Protocol N°1 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms |
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Date of adoption:
20/3/1952 |
Entry into
force:
18/5/1954 |
System of protection:
Council of Europe |
Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: "Protocol of San Salvador" |
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Date of adoption:
17/11/1988 |
Entry into
force:
16/11/1999 |
System of protection:
Organization of American States |
Convention on the Rights of the Child |
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Date of adoption:
20/11/1989 |
Entry into
force:
2/9/1990 |
System of protection:
Universal |
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General
Instruments |
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The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam |
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Date of adoption:
5/8/1990 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Organization of the Islamic Conference |
Proclamation of Teheran |
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Date of adoption:
13/5/1968 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
European Social Charter |
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Date of adoption:
18/10/1961 |
Entry into
force:
26/2/1965 |
System of protection:
Council of Europe |
European Social Charter (revised) |
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Date of adoption:
3/5/1996 |
Entry into
force:
1/7/1999 |
System of protection:
Council of Europe |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) |
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Date of adoption:
16/12/1966 |
Entry into
force:
23/3/1976 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union |
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Date of adoption:
7/12/2000 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
European Union |
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) |
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Date of adoption:
16/12/1966 |
Entry into
force:
3/1/1976 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) |
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Date of adoption:
10/12/1948 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man |
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Date of adoption:
2/5/1948 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Organization of American States |
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter) |
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Date of adoption:
27/6/1981 |
Entry into
force:
21/10/1986 |
System of protection:
Organization of African Unity |
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Articles |
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Examen de jurisprudence (1995-2000) Chapitre 6 |
 |
Pierre-François DOCQUIR - Rusen ERGEC |
Latest update:
28/10/2002 |
First published:
1/5/2002 |
Reference:
R.C.J.B., 2002/1, pp. 85-229 |
The article reviews the whole of ECHR case law, from 1 January 1995 until 31 December 2000, highlighting the major threads and evolutions during this period. |
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Websites |
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Child Rights Information Network (CRIN) |
Languages:
English |
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References to hundreds of reports, recent news and upcoming events, details of organisations working worldwide for children, NGO reports to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, and child rights issues. Email Listserve also available.
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Right to Education |
Languages:
English |
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Primers, Special Rapporteurs' Reports, and information on the legal status (country by country) of the right to education - Publications - Good links to IGOs, NGOs and research resources on the subject. |
International Bureau of Education (IBE) |
Languages:
English French Spanish |
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International and country-level activities and regional programmes of this oldest IGO in the field of education, now part of UNESCO. Its Databanks offer 78 country dossiers and web resources on different educational systems. |
UNESCO- Education for All (EFA) |
Languages:
English French |
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Website of the EFA movement - Much info about EFA and the Dakar Framework of Action - Assessments - Upcoming events - Reference materials. |
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Selected
Case Law |
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Free Legal Assistance Group, Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights, Union Interafricaine des Droits de l'Homme, Les Témoins de Jehovah v. Zaire |
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Date:
10/1995 |
Decision-making body:
African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights |
Legal reference:
Communications Nos. 25/89, 47/90, 56/91, 100/93 (Joined), in Annex on Communications to the Ninth Annual Activity Report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, 1995-1996 (ACHPR/RPT/9th), AHG/207 (XXXII). |
Economic, social and cultural rights - Zaire violates right to health (Art. 16, by failing to provide basic services) and right to education (Art. 17) - "Serious and massive violations" - Violation of Articles 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16 and 17. |
Efstratiou v. Greece |
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Date:
18/12/1996 |
Decision-making body:
European Court of Human Rights |
Legal reference:
ECHR, 18 December 1996, Recueil 1996-VI. n° 77/1996/696/888. |
Jehovah's Witnesses - Child refusing to participate in the national holiday ceremony - 2 days' suspension from school - No violation of Article 1 of Protocol 2, Articles 9 and 3 - Absence of effective remedy: violation of Article 13. |
"Belgian Linguistics Case": Case "relating to certain aspects of the laws on the use of languages in education in Belgium" |
 |
Date:
23/7/1968 |
Decision-making body:
European Court of Human Rights |
Legal reference:
ECHR, 23 July 1968, Series A, no. 6 |
Autonomy of Article 14 ECHR - A measure that conforms to Article 2-P1 (right to education) violates this Article combined with Art. 14 if it is discriminatory - Discrimination - Lawfulness, legitimate goal and proportionality. |
Erkki Hartikainen v. Finland |
 |
Date:
9/4/1981 |
Decision-making body:
Human Rights Committee |
Legal reference:
CCPR/C/12/D/40/1978 |
Mandatory course focusing on the history of religion and ethics - Freedom of parents to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions - No violation of Article 18(4). |
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Case Law
Websites |
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Council of Europe - Human Rights Web |
Languages:
English French |
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Search the case-law of the European Convention on Human Rights control bodies. |
Repertorio de Jurisprudencia del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos |
Languages:
Spanish |
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Directory of the case law of the Inter-American Court 1980 - 1997. |
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Reports |
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For the Record 2001: The United Nations Human Rights System |
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Human Rights Internet |
Date:
2001 |
Reference:
Human Rights Internet, 2001 |
Source:
Human Rights Internet |
FTR is an electronic annual report that provides summaries of relevant human rights information generated within the UN system. An important reference tool for those active in national and international social justice movements, the report also aids in simplifying the human rights work of the UN for the uninitiated, members of national legislative assemblies, journalists, students, teachers and the general public.
Produced with the support of the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade since 1997, the report is organized thematically as well as by country and covers all relevant UN documentation over a full calendar year. These include: State reports prepared for the six human rights treaty bodies and the concluding observations of the experts who review those reports; documentation, resolutions and decisions by various UN system bodies. |
The right to education in the context of cultural rights |
 |
Patrice Meyer-Bisch |
Date:
1998 |
Reference:
E/C.12/1998/17 |
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |
The right to education in the context of cultural rights - Characteristics of the right to education - Its intangible nucleus - The economic logic behind this right and the compilation of indicators - Proposals. |
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Books |
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Jurisprudence de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l'Homme |
 |
Vincent BERGER |
Reference:
Paris, Dalloz, 2000 |
Languages:
French |
Analytical summaries of the most important decisions rendered by the European Court of Human Rights since its creation in 1959.
This book does not contain commentaries on the of the soundness of the decisions or the Court's reasoning. |
Droits de l'homme et libertés fondamentales |
 |
Jacques ROBERT |
Reference:
Paris, Montchrestien, 1996 |
Languages:
French |
Public liberties and legal systems: 1) in the declarations of rights; 2) procedures of recognition of liberties ; 3) ways of protection.
Liberties recognised under modern French law. |
Human Rights and the European Community - The Substantive Law |
 |
CASSESE A; CLAPHAM A; WEILER J Ed. |
Reference:
Baden Baden, European Union -The Human Rights Challenge Vol III, Nomos, 1991 |
Languages:
English French |
Part III of a reserch project undertaken by international scholars and commanded by the EC. This part contains reports on such issues as environmental rights, consumer rights, womens rights, freedom of information and educational and cultural rights. |
Droits sociaux et droit européen : bilan et prospective de la protection normative |
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J.-F. Flauss Ed. - Jean-François FLAUSS |
Reference:
Bruxelles, Droit & Justice, Bruylant, 2002 |
Languages:
French |
In the Council of Europe and in the European Union, social rights are the object of a growing protection, both in quality and quantity. Questions raised : problems of coexistence and reciprocal influences - unicity of the standards of protection |
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Periodicals |
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Revue trimestrielle des droits de l'homme |
 |
Reference:
Bruxelles, Nemesis |
Contact:
vf@lambert.be |
http://www.revtrdrh.be |
Languages:
French |
Specialized periodical. Articles on doctrine - Commentaries on the decisions of various courts - Extracts of new decisions - Bibliographies - News: conferences... Special issues. |
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Human Rights
Actors |
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Aide Médicale Internationale à l'Enfance (AMIE) |
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http://www.amie.ca/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
Founded in 1969, AMIE is an organization working for the welfare of children worldwide. |
Canadian Feed the Children () |
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http://www.canadianfeedthechildren.ca/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
Organization for the healthy development of children. |
Collaboration Santé Internationale (CSI) |
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http://www.csiquebec.org/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
NGO supporting education and health. |
Comité des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels (CESCR) |
 |
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/cescr.htm |
Type:United Nations System |
Treaty body created in 1985 by the ECOSOC (not by the ICESCR itself). Convenes twice a year to monitor the implementation of the Covenant by States parties, assist them in fulfilling their obligations. Writes General Comments on Covenant rights. |
Education International (EI) |
 |
http://www.ei-ie.org/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
A world-wide trade union organisation seeking to promote for all peoples in all nations peace, democracy, social justice and equality through the development of quality public education for all. |
Elimu () |
 |
http://http://www.elimu.org/ |
Type:Network |
A network of independent citizens' groups in Africa, Asia and Latin America who are campaigning to ensure that all people have access to free, compulsory education of quality. |
Enfance et développement à Madagascar (AMADEA) |
 |
http://www.amadea.org |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
NGO for the childhood, rural development and environmental protection in Madagascar. |
Global Campaign for Education (GCE) |
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http://www.campaignforeducation.org/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
Promotes education as a basic human right, and mobilizes public pressure on governments and the International Community to fulfill their promises to provide free, compulsory public basic education for all people. |
International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies (U.S. National Academy of Sciences) () |
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http://www4.nas.edu/oia/oiahome.nsf/web/network?Op |
Type:Network |
Assists scientists and scholars around the world who are subjected to severe repression solely for having nonviolently exercised their rights. Promotes human rights consciousness-raising and institutional commitment to human rights work worldwide. |
Organisation internationale pour le Développement de la Liberté d'Enseignement (OIDEL) |
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http://www.oidel.ch/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
"The Right to Education and Freedom of Education" - NGO with UN consultative status aiming to promote the right to education as a fundamental human right. |
Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on the right to education () |
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http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/7/b/medu.htm |
Type:United Nations System |
Mandate established in 1998, by resolution 1998/33 of 17 April 1998. |
Teachers Without Borders () |
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http://www.teacherswithoutborders.org/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
An organization comprised of teachers working to "close the education divide" mainly through teacher training. |
UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues () |
 |
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/pfii |
Type:United Nations System |
Advisory body to UN Economic and Social Council- Indigenous issues concerning economic and social development, culture, environment, education, health and human rights- Established in July 2000. |
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) |
 |
http://www.unesco.org |
Type:United Nations System |
The main objective of UNESCO is to contribute to peace and security in the world by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and communication in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law and HR. |
University of Iowa Center for Human Rights (UICHR) |
 |
http://www.uichr.org/ |
Type:Research / Education |
Cross-disciplinary activities designed to consider the problems and prospects of human rights in the US and abroad, with particular attention given to economic, social, and cultural rights. |
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