|
|
|
Specific
Instruments |
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women |
 |
Date of adoption:
7/11/1967 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict |
 |
Date of adoption:
14/12/1974 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women |
 |
Date of adoption:
20/12/1993 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime |
 |
Date of adoption:
2/11/2000 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action |
 |
Date of adoption:
17/10/1995 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
Equal Remuneration Convention |
 |
Date of adoption:
29/6/1951 |
Entry into
force:
23/5/1953 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791)
|
 |
Date of adoption:
9/1791 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Other |
Inter-american Convention on the Nationality of Women |
 |
Date of adoption:
26/12/1933 |
Entry into
force:
29/8/1934 |
System of protection:
Organization of American States |
Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Political Rights to Women |
 |
Date of adoption:
2/5/1948 |
Entry into
force:
29/12/1954 |
System of protection:
Organization of American States |
Inter-American Convention on the Granting of Civil Rights to Women |
 |
Date of adoption:
2/5/1948 |
Entry into
force:
17/3/1949 |
System of protection:
Organization of American States |
Convention on the Nationality of Married Women |
 |
Date of adoption:
29/1/1957 |
Entry into
force:
11/8/1958 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others |
 |
Date of adoption:
2/12/1949 |
Entry into
force:
25/7/1951 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Protocol No. 7 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms |
 |
Date of adoption:
22/11/1984 |
Entry into
force:
1/11/1988 |
System of protection:
Council of Europe |
Additional Protocol to the European Social Charter |
 |
Date of adoption:
5/5/1988 |
Entry into
force:
4/9/1992 |
System of protection:
Council of Europe |
Convention on the Political Rights of Women |
 |
Date of adoption:
20/12/1952 |
Entry into
force:
7/7/1954 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Inter-american Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and
Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belem do Para) |
 |
Date of adoption:
9/6/1994 |
Entry into
force:
5/3/1995 |
System of protection:
Organization of American States |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women |
 |
Date of adoption:
6/10/1999 |
Entry into
force:
22/12/2000 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa |
 |
Date of adoption:
10/7/2003 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Organization of African Unity |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |
 |
Date of adoption:
18/12/1979 |
Entry into
force:
3/9/1981 |
System of protection:
Universal |
|
|
|
General
Instruments |
 |
The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam |
 |
Date of adoption:
5/8/1990 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Organization of the Islamic Conference |
Proclamation of Teheran |
 |
Date of adoption:
13/5/1968 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action |
 |
Date of adoption:
25/6/1993 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
European Social Charter |
 |
Date of adoption:
18/10/1961 |
Entry into
force:
26/2/1965 |
System of protection:
Council of Europe |
European Social Charter (revised) |
 |
Date of adoption:
3/5/1996 |
Entry into
force:
1/7/1999 |
System of protection:
Council of Europe |
American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica) |
 |
Date of adoption:
22/11/1969 |
Entry into
force:
18/7/1978 |
System of protection:
Organization of American States |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) |
 |
Date of adoption:
16/12/1966 |
Entry into
force:
23/3/1976 |
System of protection:
Universal |
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) |
 |
Date of adoption:
16/12/1966 |
Entry into
force:
3/1/1976 |
System of protection:
Universal |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) |
 |
Date of adoption:
10/12/1948 |
Entry into
force:
- |
System of protection:
Universal |
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter) |
 |
Date of adoption:
27/6/1981 |
Entry into
force:
21/10/1986 |
System of protection:
Organization of African Unity |
|
|
|
Articles |
 |
Trafficking of women into the European Union |
 |
Diane JOHNSON |
Latest update:
30/12/2002 |
First published:
1999 |
Reference:
(1999) Vol 5 New England Journal of international and comparative law |
This article examines the situations where a woman is trafficked into an EU Member State (MS) from a third world country. |
Overcoming traditional gender stereotypes in the European Union: the European Court of Justices ruling in Hellmut Marschall v Land Nordrhein Westfalen |
 |
Michelle ROZOF |
Latest update:
30/12/2002 |
First published:
1998 |
Reference:
Volume 12 / Fall 1998 / Number 3 Emory International Law Review |
This Comment discusses the recent trend of affirmative action in the European Union in light of the Marschall case |
Interpretation and Eradication: National and International Responses to Female Circumcision |
 |
Barrett BREITUNG |
Latest update:
30/12/2002 |
First published:
1996 |
Reference:
Volume 10 / Fall 1996 / Number 2 Emory International Law Review |
National responses to practice of FGM |
Human Rights of Women in Iran: The Universalist Approach and the Relativist Response |
 |
Kristen MILLER |
Latest update:
30/12/2002 |
First published:
1996 |
Reference:
Volume 10 / Fall 1996 / Number 2 Emory International Law Review |
Universality of human rights - Treatment of women in Iran |
"The Personal is Political," or Why Women's Rights are Indeed Human Rights: An African Perspective on International Feminism |
 |
Joseph OLOKA ONYANGO - Sylvia TAMALE |
Latest update:
29/12/2002 |
First published:
1995 |
Reference:
(1995) Human Rights Quarterly 691-731 |
An African Perspective on International Feminism |
Women, War, and Rape: Challenges Facing The International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia |
 |
Niarchos CATHERINE |
Latest update:
09/08/2002 |
First published:
11/1995 |
Reference:
(1995) Nov Human Rights Quarterly 649 |
This article explores the uncertain status of rape under international humanitarian law in conception and enforcement is traced from a feminist perspective |
El principio de igualdad de trato y la prohibición de discriminación por razón de sexo a la luz de la jurisprudencia del T.J.C.E. |
 |
Amaya UBEDA DE TORRES |
Latest update:
08/07/2002 |
First published:
8/7/2002 |
Reference:
HRNi |
The Principle of Discrimination in the Case Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union |
|
|
|
Websites |
 |
Amnesty International |
Languages:
Arabic English French Spanish |
    |
Country reports and the latest news releases, information on AI latest campaigns and appeals for action to help protect human rights. Section "Library": Research available by country / region / theme.
Links to hundreds of human rights websites. |
GENIE: Gender Information Exchange |
Languages:
English |
    |
Database / search engine of on-line gender resources - Policy documents, sectoral reports, guidelines, good practice cases, bibliographies, background papers, research reports, tools - Gender country profiles - Gender experts and consultants. |
Human Rights Watch - Defending Human Rights Worldwide |
Languages:
Arabic Chinese English French Portuguese Russian Spanish |
    |
The official site of Human Rights Watch - an independent NGO.
News releases - Current events - Publications - Info by country - Campaigns - Issues -Reports - Links... Search engine. A very informative site. |
Siyanda: mainstreaming gender equality |
Languages:
English |
    |
An online database of gender information and materials organised in broad categories and types of material. Each document is summarised; key documents have a long summary including findings and recommendations. |
Campaign "Stop Violence Against Women" - Special Focus: "Female Genital Mutilation" |
Languages:
English French |
   |
Notion - Actions - Legislations - International Instruments. |
Human Rights in China |
Languages:
Chinese English |
   |
The official site of an international non-governmental organization. Publications - Research reports - Reports on human rights conditions in China, Tibet, Hong Kong - Campaigns - Activities - News - Useful links... |
International Women's Rights Action Watch Asia Pacific |
Languages:
English |
   |
Official and practical information on the application of the UN Women's convention and other treaties. |
WHRnet: Women's Human Rights net |
Languages:
English French Spanish |
   |
A web project developed by an international coalition of women's organizations. Defines key women's rights issues, providing introductions, facts, and relevant web links - HR Systems - Nice "Research tool" section has direct multiple search engines. |
WHRR: Women's Human Rights Resources |
Languages:
English |
   |
Powerful search engine providing quality articles, books (references with summaries), documents, or links, organized by topic and type of material. |
Womenwatch |
Languages:
English French |
   |
A joint UN project to create a core Internet space on global women's issues - Information on all UN initatives concerning the advancement and protection of women's rights - Documents and Databases - Women of the World - News - On-Line Forums. |
BRIDGE: development and gender |
Languages:
English |
  |
Excellent links to specialist resources on gender mainstreaming and equality. Online articles about different gender issues. |
Human Rights Monitor : Human Rights News From Around the Globe |
Languages:
English |
  |
The primary goal of this site is to compile news articles and commentaries that address issues of human rights from news sources throughout the world.
People and organizations (human rights actors) - Discussions - links to web sites. |
CATW: Coalition Against Trafficking in Women |
Languages:
English |
 |
Library offers a limited number of Statements, Resolutions, International agreements, Legislation, Reports, Articles, Speeches, CATW Coalition Reports and Links. |
|
|
|
Selected
Case Law |
 |
Schuler-Zgraggen v. Switzerland |
 |
Date:
24/6/1993 |
Decision-making body:
European Court of Human Rights |
Legal reference:
ECHR, 26 June 1993, A-263. n° 17/1992/362/436. |
Dispute about social security - Social assistance - Applicability of Article 6 - No violation - Difference in treatment based on sex - Only very strong considerations could justify the differentiation - Violation of Article 14. |
Open Door and Dublin Well Woman v. Ireland |
 |
Date:
29/10/1992 |
Decision-making body:
European Court of Human Rights |
Legal reference:
ECHR, 29 October 1992, 246-A. n° 64/1991/316/387-388. |
Ireland - Legal prohibition of abortion - Prohibition to spread information about the possibility of abortion practiced abroad - Information available elsewhere - Disproportionate interference - Violation of Article 10. |
Marckx v. Belgium |
 |
Date:
13/6/1979 |
Decision-making body:
European Court of Human Rights |
Legal reference:
ECHR, 13 June 1979, A-231, n° 00006833/74. |
Single mother of a natural daughter - Affiliation has to be established by official recognition - Family bonds - Inheritance: limited patrimonial rights - Discrimination compared to a legitimate family - Violation of Arts. 8, 14, Art. 1 Prot. 1. |
Graciela Ato del Avellanal v. Peru |
 |
Date:
31/10/1988 |
Decision-making body:
Human Rights Committee |
Legal reference:
CCPR/C/34/D/202/1986 |
Legal prohibition against women representing matrimonial assets before the courts - Equality before the law - Discrimination on the basis of sex - Violation of Articles 3, 14(1) and 26. |
S.W.M. Broeks v. the Netherlands |
 |
Date:
9/4/1987 |
Decision-making body:
Human Rights Committee |
Legal reference:
CCPR/C/29/D/172/1984 |
Obligations were imposed in a discriminatory manner against married women wishing to receive unemployment benefits - Absence of similar obligation for married men - Equality before the law - Violation of Article 26. |
F. H. Zwaan-de Vries v. the Netherlands |
 |
Date:
9/4/1987 |
Decision-making body:
Human Rights Committee |
Legal reference:
CCPR/C/29/D/182/1984 |
Social benefits were given to married men but refused to married women - Discrimination based on sex - Violation of Article 26 (equality before the law). |
Sandra Lovelace v. Canada |
 |
Date:
30/7/1981 |
Decision-making body:
Human Rights Committee |
Legal reference:
CCPR/C/13/D/24/1977 |
Loss of membership status of a woman belonging to an indigenous minority following marriage to a non-indigenous man - Legislation found to be discriminatory on the basis of sex - Violation of Article 27. |
Mauritian Women Case |
 |
Date:
9/4/1981 |
Decision-making body:
Human Rights Committee |
Legal reference:
CCPR/C/12/D/35/1978 |
Legislation regarding immigration and deportation forcing foreign men married to Mauritian nationals to apply for residence permits - Discrimination based on sex - Violation of the duty to protect the 'family'. |
|
|
|
Case Law
Websites |
 |
Commonwealth Human Rights Case Law Database (The) |
Languages:
English |
  |
Allows you to browse or search for summaries of recent human rights decisions from national courts in Commonwealth jurisdictions. |
Council of Europe - Human Rights Web |
Languages:
English French |
  |
Search the case-law of the European Convention on Human Rights control bodies. |
International Human Rights Law Database (The) |
Languages:
English |
    |
A resource for those seeking summaries and commentaries on international human rights case law, the database allows searches by text, 47 subjects, 81 states, 9 treaties, 9 decisionmaking bodies, and date. A powerful and quick database. |
Legislationline |
Languages:
English |
   |
Compiles international texts and domestic legislation in the OSCE region dealing with the rule of law and the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Accessible by topic, country, or through the search engine. |
Repertorio de Jurisprudencia del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos |
Languages:
Spanish |
    |
Directory of the case law of the Inter-American Court 1980 - 1997. |
|
|
|
Reports |
 |
Report of the High Commissioner for Human Rights: Systematic rape, sexual slavery and slavery-like practices during armed conflicts |
 |
Haut-Commissaire aux droits de l'homme de l'ONU / UN High Commissioner for Human Rights |
Date:
18/7/2002 |
Reference:
Distr. GENERAL, E/CN.4/Sub.2/2002/28, 18 July 2002 |
Source:
United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights |
The present report refers to new developments in the field of the activities of human rights mechanisms and of international and humanitarian law on the issue of systematic rape, sexual slavery and slavery-like practices in situations of armed conflict. |
Women's Human Rights |
 |
Human Rights Watch |
Date:
2002 |
Reference:
World Report 2000 |
Source:
Human Rights Watch |
Annual Report by Human Rights Watch.
Human Rights Developments - Women's Status In The Family - Labor Rights - Trafficking - Women in Conflict and Refugees - Violence Against Women - The Role of the International Community: United Nations; Unites States; European Union; Council of Europe; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). |
Stamp out torture |
 |
Amnesty International |
Date:
26/2/2001 |
Reference:
ACT /2001 |
Source:
Amnesty International |
6 AI reports on torture: Launch Report - Children's Report - Stopping the Torture Trade Report - Women's Report - Crimes of hate, conspiracy of silence torture and ill-treatment based on sexual identity - Racism and the administration of justice
|
For the Record 2001: The United Nations Human Rights System |
 |
Human Rights Internet |
Date:
2001 |
Reference:
Human Rights Internet, 2001 |
Source:
Human Rights Internet |
FTR is an electronic annual report that provides summaries of relevant human rights information generated within the UN system. An important reference tool for those active in national and international social justice movements, the report also aids in simplifying the human rights work of the UN for the uninitiated, members of national legislative assemblies, journalists, students, teachers and the general public.
Produced with the support of the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade since 1997, the report is organized thematically as well as by country and covers all relevant UN documentation over a full calendar year. These include: State reports prepared for the six human rights treaty bodies and the concluding observations of the experts who review those reports; documentation, resolutions and decisions by various UN system bodies. |
Discrimination against Women: The Convention and the Committee |
 |
HCDH / OHCHR |
Date:
inconnue |
Reference:
Fact Sheet No.22 |
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |
The human rights Fact Sheet Series is published by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in Geneva. |
Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting |
 |
HCDH / OHCHR |
Date:
inconnue |
Reference:
Fact Sheet No. 23 |
Source:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |
The human rights Fact Sheet Series is published by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in Geneva. |
|
|
|
Books |
 |
Droits sociaux et droit européen : bilan et prospective de la protection normative |
 |
J.-F. Flauss Ed. - Jean-François FLAUSS |
Reference:
Bruxelles, Droit & Justice, Bruylant, 2002 |
Languages:
French |
In the Council of Europe and in the European Union, social rights are the object of a growing protection, both in quality and quantity. Questions raised : problems of coexistence and reciprocal influences - unicity of the standards of protection |
Women's Rights and Human Rights: International Historical Perspectives |
 |
Patricia Grimshaw, Katie Holmes, Marilyn Lake Ed. |
Reference:
New York, Palgrave, 2001 |
Languages:
English |
The major publication from the IFRWH conference held in Melbourne, Australia in 1998.
History of development of women’s rights in different countries : USA, Russia, Europe etc. Right to work – Suffrage - Social Citizenship… |
Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives |
 |
Rebecca J. Cook Ed. |
Reference:
Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994 |
Languages:
English |
Extensive coverage of the theme and interdisciplinary approach. Problems of implementation of women's rights - Public/private dichotomy at the core of public international law – International, regional and national approaches – Guarantees. |
|
|
|
Periodicals |
 |
Cardozo Women's Law Journal (CWLJ) |
 |
Reference:
New York, |
Contact:
gladow@aol.com. |
http://www.cardozo.yu.edu/cwlj/index.html |
Languages:
English |
CWLJ publishes articles that address a broad-range of gender based topics and reflect diverse views on the legal topics that shape the lives of men and women. |
Human Rights Tribune |
 |
Reference:
Ottawa, Human Rights Internet |
Contact:
hri@hri.ca |
http://www.hri.ca/cftribune/ |
Languages:
English |
A tri-yearly publication of HRI (Human Rights Internet). Addresses all areas of human rights from a non-governmental perspective world-wide. Articles about important events - NGO reports - Analysis of the work of human rights organizations. |
Revue trimestrielle des droits de l'homme |
 |
Reference:
Bruxelles, Nemesis |
Contact:
vf@lambert.be |
http://www.revtrdrh.be |
Languages:
French |
Specialized periodical. Articles on doctrine - Commentaries on the decisions of various courts - Extracts of new decisions - Bibliographies - News: conferences... Special issues. |
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|
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Human Rights
Actors |
 |
Casa de la Mujer () |
 |
http://www.ondaslibres.org |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
Organization for the defence and development of women in Bolivia. |
Centres d'information sur les Droits des Femmes (CIDF) |
 |
http://www.infofemmes.com |
Type:Network |
A network of Information Centres for Women's Rights that aim at increasing the value of a woman's position in the society, favouring women's autonomy in legal, professional, economic, social and family spheres. |
Committe on the Administration of Justice (CAJ) |
 |
http://www.caj.org.uk/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
CAJ seeks to secure the highest standards in the administration of justice in Northern Ireland by ensuring that the government complies with its responsibilities in international human rights law. |
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (Australia) (HREOC) |
 |
http://www.humanrights.gov.au/ |
Type:National Human Rights Institution |
A national independent statutory government body. Conducts inquiries into alleged discrimination on the grounds of race, colour or ethnic origin, racial vilification, sex, sexual harassment, marital status, pregnancy, or disability. HR education. |
Human Rights and Human Diversity Initiative (University of Nebraska-Lincoln) () |
 |
http://www.unl.edu/HumanR/index.html |
Type:Research / Education |
Goal: to examine issues related to human rights in an international perspective. Relationship between cultural diversity and human rights. Universality of HR. Minorities: refugees, voluntary migrants, and indigenous peoples. Human rights protectors. |
Inter-American Commission of Women (CIM) |
 |
http://www.oas.org/CIM/ |
|
A Specialized Organization of the OAS. The first official intergovernmental agency in the world created expressly to ensure recognition of the civil and political rights of women. Provides support and recognition to national women's movements. |
International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) |
 |
http://www.icrw.org/ |
Type:Research / Education |
Mission: to improve the lives of women in poverty, advance women's equality and human rights, and contribute to the broader economic and social well-being. Research, capacity building, and advocacy activities in low- and middle-income countries. |
International Movement against All forms of Discrimination and Racism (IMADR) |
 |
http://www.imadr.org/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
An international non-profit, human rights NGO devoted to eliminating all forms of discrimination around the world, forging international solidarity among discriminated minorities and advancing the international regime of human rights. |
International Women's Rights Action Watch Asia Pacific (IWRAW Asia Pacific) |
 |
http://www.iwraw-ap.org/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
IWRAW Asia Pacific contributes to the progressive interpretation, universalisation, implementation and realisation of women's human rights through the lens of CEDAW and other international human rights treaties. |
Madre () |
 |
http://www.madre.org/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
An international women's human rights organization that works in partnership with women's community-based groups in conflict areas worldwide to address issues of health, education, economic development and other human rights. |
Rights & Democracy (International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development) () |
 |
http://www.ichrdd.ca/ |
Type:Other |
An independent Canadian institution with an international mandate to promote, advocate and defend democratic and human rights. Four thematic priorities: democratic development, women's rights, the rights of indigenous peoples, globalization and HR. |
Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on violence against women, its causes and consequences () |
 |
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/7/b/mwom.htm |
Type:United Nations System |
Seeks and receives information on violence against women, its causes and its consequences; Recommends measures, ways and means, to eliminate violence against women and its causes; Works closely with other UN human rights bodies. |
UN Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW) |
 |
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/ |
Type:United Nations System |
The Division advocates the improvement of the status of women of the world and the achievement of their equality with men. It aims to ensure the participation of women as equal partners with men in all aspects of human endeavour... |
United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) |
 |
http://www.unifem.undp.org/ |
Type:United Nations System |
UNIFEM promotes women's empowerment and gender equality. It has supported numerous projects and initiatives throughout the developing world that promote the political, economic, and social empowerment of women. |
Women in Law and Development in Africa (WILDAF) |
 |
http://site.mweb.co.zw/wildaf/ |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
NGO for the defence of women in Africa. |
Women's Rights Network (WRN) |
 |
http://www.wcwonline.org/wrn/index.html |
Type:NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) |
International human rights organization that works to address the root causes of intimate partner abuse in the United States through the application of human rights principles, strategies and laws. |
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